Fig. 3

Pulsed wave Doppler of the left atrial appendage (LAA) flow velocity pattern. A In normal sinus rhythm (white thick arrow points toward the early diastolic emptying velocity, yellow thick arrow points toward the late diastolic emptying velocity, blue thick arrow points toward the LAA filling velocity, the three small arrows point toward the systolic reflection waves. B In patients with Atrial fibrillation. C In patients with atrial flutter, the lower panel shows (D) the tissue velocity pattern of the LAA as obtained by tissue-Doppler imaging and (E) longitudinal strain values and curves of the LAA measured by speckle tracking echocardiography